Unsurprisingly, serum KIM-1 also showed positive correlations with urea (Spearman’s r = 0.382 [p < 0.001]), creatinine (r = 0.340 [p < 0.001]), and cystatin C (r = 0.429 [p < 0.001]), as well as clinical parameters for renal dysfunction, such as the number of days spent on RRT r = 0.262 [p < 0.001]). Here, CST3 is linked to Abnormal renal physiology.