The most extensive evidence for ANXA2’s pathogenic role in kidney disease is derived from studies in lupus nephritis: ANXA2 mediates the binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies to mesangial cells in situ [50] and represents an antigen for circulating autoantibodies [51] and CD4+ lymphocytes [52] and a marker of severity of renal involvement [52,53,54,55]. Here, CD4 is linked to lupus nephritis.