HSPD1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: For example, IgG autoantibodies against human mitochondrial Hsp60 were significantly higher in the sera of patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases, including SLE, than in healthy controls, and it was suggested that the antibodies were produced because GroEL, the E. coli Hsp60, shares immunogenic–antigenic epitopes with the mitochondrial chaperonin [114,115].