PTGS2 and Hepatic fibrosis: Additionally, LBPs have been found to inhibit aberrant NF-κB activation induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); reduce the expression of inflammation-related factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); and alleviate acute liver injury and hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl4 in mice and rats [42,43].