While, in humans, autoimmunity can occur independently of dysfunctional Tregs [19,20,21,22], patients with IPEX (immune dysfunction/polyendocrinopathy/enteropathy/X-linked) syndrome often show mutations in the FOXP3 gene [23,24,25,26,27,28] and present with symptoms like severe enteropathy, polyendocrinopathy, and immune dysregulation, similar to scurfy mice [29,30,31]. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked syndrome.