NLRP3 and myocardial ischemia: Studies have shown that M2-like macrophage exosomes carrying miR-148a inactivate the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway to alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury [74], while macrophage-derived exosomes treated with lipopolysaccharides promote acute liver injury by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome [75].