In the TDP pathology cases, EV TDP-43 was increased compared with HC (median sEV: 63.95 pg ml−1, IQR [42.89–86.63], P < 0.0001), PSP/GGT-type tau (median sEV: 2.85 pg ml−1, IQR [2.10–3.52], P < 0.00001), genetic MAPT (median sEV: 2.86 pg ml−1, IQR [2.53–3.02], P < 0.00001) and the non-TDP-43/non-tau pathology group (median sEV: 11.35 pg ml−1, IQR [10.62–12.05], P < 0.00001) (Fig. 3i; see Supplementary Fig. 13a,b for mEV data). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1.