Plasma sEV TDP-43 distinguished bvFTD from HC, PSP and ALS (AUC: bvFTD versus HC 0.85, CI [0.82–0.90]; versus PSP 0.93, CI [0.86–0.89]; versus ALS 0.91, CI [0.0.88–0.94]) (Fig. 3d–f (sEV) and Supplementary Fig. 11d–f (mEV)). Here, TARDBP is linked to behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia.