TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In ALS, higher plasma EV TDP-43 levels were associated with worse cognitive performance and disease severity (MMSE, Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen total score, ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALS–FRS)) (Fig. 3g,h (sEV), Supplementary Fig. 11i,j (mEV) and Supplementary Table 12).