Examples include CDH1, TBX3 and TP53 in breast cancers, ATRX, CIC, IDH1, PTEN and TP53 in central nervous system tumors, IDH1 and TP53 in connective tissue tumors, PBRM1 and VHL in renal cancers and EGFR, KMT2D, KRAS, NFE2L2, PTEN, STK11 and TP53 in lung cancers (Fig. 5). Here, PTEN is linked to lung carcinoma.