Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the M2 macrophage and regulatory T cell (Treg) markers CD206 and Foxp3, respectively, were significantly reduced in the liver metastasis of the E.coli and CLD group compared to those of the E.coli alone group (Fig. 2H). Here, FOXP3 is linked to congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1.