MRC1 and neoplasm: There were severer burden of liver metastasis and slightly higher detectable tumor numbers, intra-tumoral lactate concentration, the abundance of bacteria, or CD206 expression in Foxp3-DTR mice treated with E.coli compared with those of E.coli-treated wild-type mice, but without a statistical difference (Supplementary Fig. 4A–C), and no difference of gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines between these two group mice (Supplementary Fig. 4D).