iRGD appeared to cause an increase of the blood AFP levels in mice with Huh-7 (Fig. 1b and c) or HepG2 tumours (Supplementary Fig. S2a and b), whereas there was no evidence that the injection of an RGD control peptide lacking the CendR motif or PBS affected the blood AFP levels (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Fig. S2c). Here, AFP is linked to neoplasm.