CCL2 and atrial fibrillation: In contrast to DM mice where AF risk may have been encouraged by cardiac diastolic dysfunction, both cardiac systolic (Figure 7E, ejection fraction, 55% ± 2% in control mice vs. 52 ± 2% in MCP-1 OE mice, P = 0.366) and diastolic function (Figure 7F, E/E′, 16.5 ± 0.6 in control vs. 15.3 ± 1.6 in MCP-1 OE, P = 0.467) were preserved in MCP-1 OE mice (Supplemental Table 2).