ALB and neoplasm: In contrast, tumour sizes of more or equal to 5 cm are usually associated with a poor prognosis for most tumours; however, it is not strong correlative factor affecting malignancy and/or metastasis in HSAs, particularly retroperitoneal HSA (Griffin et al., 2021; Mallinckrodt & Gottfried, 2011; Treggiari et al., 2020).