Soon thereafter, a second population of patients with a pathogenic variant of DNASE1L3 that reduced plasma enzyme concentration by about 80% — R206C (rs35677470) — was found in thousands of patients with lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma, an association that places individuals with this variant at risk for autoimmune disease (13–19). This evidence concerns the gene DNASE1L3 and autoimmune disease.