Decades ago, the activity of plasma enzymes digesting DNA in patients with lupus was found to be low, and pathogenic variants of DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 have been identified in patients with lupus nephritis, while other studies have shown that the activity of DNASE1 is low in patients with sporadic lupus nephritis (41–43). This evidence concerns the gene DNASE1L3 and systemic lupus erythematosus.