Treatments targeting TLR4, such as the receptor inhibitor TAK-242 or intravenous administration of a neutralizing HMGB1 antibody, not only reduced microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression but also decreased neuronal death in the hippocampus, thereby mitigating cognitive impairment in mice (Matsunaga et al., 2011; Vidyanti et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Cognitive impairment.