TLR4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In this study, we found that DHP significantly reversed the abnormal levels of the HFHF diet-induced metabolites choline, glycine, betaine, NAM, MNN, and arachidonic acid, thereby interfering with the metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine; nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; and arachidonic acid metabolism, as well as modulating TLR4-/NF-κB pathway, thereby effectively treating NAFLD.