CALR and neoplasm: Through the discussion of various therapeutic approaches inducing programmed cell death and immune cell death, we have discovered that many treatments have strong limitations, benefiting only certain tumor types with specific characteristics, such as patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms carrying CALR mutations showing better outcomes (Fucikova et al., 2021; Huang X. et al., 2023; Chi et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2023).