In the largest dataset (GSE141801) comprised of 49 VS (36 sporadic, 13 NF2-SWN), differentially abundant proteases included metalloproteases (MMP9, MMP14, MMP19), cathepsins (CTSS, CTSZ), and granzymes (GZMA, GZMK, and GZMH,Figure 1C).20 Similar findings were seen in 2 additional datasets21,22 (Supplementary Figure 1A and B), suggesting that despite diverse tumor and patient origins, there was a common set of dysregulated proteases in VS. The gene discussed is CTSZ; the disease is neoplasm.