While our previous studies have explored various biomarkers for TB treatment outcomes, including chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), acute phase proteins (APPs), microbial translocation markers, chitinase, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) (40–42), our current work specifically focuses on TB antigen-stimulated cytokines. Here, IDO1 is linked to tuberculosis.