Further it acts as a critical modulator of autophagy (Pawłowska, Szczepanska and Blasiak, 2017) and the EMT process (Amicone, Marchetti and Cicchini, 2023); 2) in prostate cancer (PCa), overexpression of HOTAIR can inhibit androgen receptor (AR) degradation, thereby promoting cell growth and invasion (Zhang et al., 2015); 3) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, HOTAIR regulates proliferation, migration, invasion through the miR-217/DACH1 signalling pathway (S.-S. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is prostate carcinoma.