In contrast, immunotherapy developed by ICIs has revolutionized the treatment strategy for non-small cell lung cancer in recent years (6), mainly including the anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) drugs, Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, and the anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs, Atezolizumab and Durvalumab (7). Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.