The predominant T-helper (Th) lymphocytic infiltrate in the skin lesions, and elevated level of related cytokines, including TGF-β, CTGF, PDGF, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 in patients, are involved in the histopathologic features of skin fibrosis in the SSc and localized scleroderma [311, 316, 317]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.