TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In the context of TGF-β1-stimulated differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, increased expression of α-SMA, p-RhoA, Rock, SPF, p-MBS, type I, and type III collagen indicates TGF-β1’s potential to activate the Rho/Rock signaling pathway in rats, stimulating lung fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, promoting collagen synthesis, and expediting IPF formation [44].