TNF and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: As shown in Fig. 5B, in KEGG analysis, target genes were mainly related to AMPK signaling pathway, cell aging, cancer-related pathways, autophagy, TNF signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, etc. AMPK, TNF, mTOR and insulin signaling pathways are known to be related to the pathogenesis of CHF.