For example, SMC5/6-destabilizing mutations in NSMCE3 cause lung disease-immunodeficiency-chromosomal breakage syndrome (LICS) (van der Crabben et al, 2016), and NSMCE2 or SMC5 mutations result in primordial dwarfism and insulin resistance (Payne et al, 2014; Zhu et al, 2023). Here, NSMCE3 is linked to lung disease, immunodeficiency, and chromosome breakage syndrome;.