PTPN12 depletion (shPTPN12) in the weakly metastatic breast (231) and bladder cancer lines (UMUC3) increased ES-TF expression (Figs. 6a, S5d) whereas PTPN12 transduction in 1833 decreased NANOG, MYC, and SOX2 expression (Fig. 6b). Here, SOX2 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.