To begin with, we detected the levels of cytokines in the tumor and serum samples with ELISA, and found that the “EcN-cypate + HBO + laser” group showed significantly increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Supplementary Fig. 13a and b), indicating the polarization of TAMs towards the M1-like phenotype. Here, IL6 is linked to neoplasm.