During the early stages of tumor development, the immune cells vigorously attack the tumor while producing pronociceptive cytokines such as IFNγ,58 thus triggering the release of immunosuppressive CGRP from nociceptive endings.31 As the tumor progresses, immune cells generate abundant adenosine,27,59 sufficient to trigger nociceptive A2AR-mediated secretion of CGRP, as our study implies, which further limits the function of immune cells. Here, CALCA is linked to neoplasm.