NLRP3 and infection: Notably, the levels of activated caspase-1 and released IL-1β in response to LPS and ATP, which activate the NLRP3 inflammasome; dsDNA transfection and infection with F. novicida, both as activators of the AIM2 inflammasome, were reduced following transfection with Ncf1, Ncf2, or Ncf4 siRNAs.