The analysis of transcriptomes involved a well-established model that simulates HAND with comorbid cocaine use disorder (CUD), utilizing primary cortical cultures treated with Tat and cocaine (Aksenov et al. 2006; Aksenova et al. 2019; Bertrand et al. 2015; Midde et al. 2013; Nath et al. 2002; Turchan et al. 2001). Here, TAT is linked to cocaine use disorder.