Similarly, B cell secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (27) promoted atherosclerosis, while interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion induced T cell proliferation, Th17 polarisation and reductions in regulatory T cells in autoimmune encephalomyelitis (28) and proteoglycan-induced arthritis (29). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is atherosclerosis.