INS and viral infectious disease: The c-Cbl pathway culminates in cleavage of UBXN9 to liberate GSVs from the Golgi matrix—accordingly, and consistent with endoproteolytic processing of UBXN9 after insulin treatment 19, 43, virus infection led to a noticeable increase in c-Cbl phosphorylation and the production of UBXN9 C-terminal cleavage products (Fig. 6c).