In experimental models, inhalation of Cu nanoparticles in mice caused pulmonary toxicity and pulmonary fibrosis (Lai et al., 2018), and macrophages of patients exposed to asbestos had high levels of Cu and Zn-SOD/SOD1 and produced high levels of H2O2, whereas Cu, Zn-SOD/SOD1 deficient mice were protected from asbestos-induced lung damage and pulmonary fibrosis after exposure to asbestos in the trachea (He et al., 2011; He et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and pulmonary fibrosis.