AHR and inflammatory bowel disease: For instance, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), indole‐3‐carbinol, and indole‐3‐pyruvic acid can function as natural ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to mitigate IBD by enhancing the serum and tissue levels of anti‐inflammatory interleukins [10, 11, 12, 13, 14].