PDCD1 and neoplasm: In this paper, we found that QFM administration might strengthen the anti-malignancy response of PD-1 inhibitor in vivo, as illustrated by an increase of TNF-α, IFN-γ, Trp levels, and infiltration of CD8+ T cells, along with a decrease of Kyn levels and PD-1 expressions in tumor tissues, which also suggested that the anti-tumorigenesis effect of QFM was mediated mainly through the PD-1 in CD8+ T cells and Trp-Kyn pathway.