Treatment of NEC pups with an anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody attenuated intestinal microvascular features and symptoms of NEC; however, this was not found in eNOS-/- mice (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), suggesting HMGB1 inhibition increased intestinal perfusion in an eNOS-dependent manner as a mechanism for attenuating NEC (21). The gene discussed is NOS3; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.