TNF and inflammatory response: UT improved fasting blood glucose and insulin sensitivity and reduced liver inflammation. It reduced body mass index and increased energy expenditure in obese mice. It reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved blood glucose homeostasis, and improved liver insulin signaling in obese mice. It reduced liver inflammation. UT induced an intracellular reduction in the expression levels of JNK, Ikkβ, NF-kB, and TNF-α. It reduced F4/80 mRNA levels and reversed increased IL-1β expression. It induced IL-10 and arginase 1 expression. UT reduced the number of F4/80-positive cells in the liver