TGFB1 and pancreatic neoplasm: While our previous work primarily targeted the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling to suppress migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells, our current research explores apoptosis induction through the Caspase-dependent PARP pathway and the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway.