As such, several association animal studies have linked low TNF levels with TB progression and morbidity (Kindler et al., 1989; Flynn et al., 1995; Roach et al., 2002; Mezouar et al., 2019), whereas treatment with TNF blockers is known to result in ATB reactivation and dissemination (Keane et al., 2001; Gómez-Reino et al., 2003; Mohan et al., 2004; Wallis et al., 2004), making TB screening mandatory before anti-TNF therapy (Fernández-Ruiz and Aguado, 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and tuberculosis.