For many years, the paradigm of TB immunopathogenesis has established that Mtb infection control greatly relies on memory immune responses of CD4+ T helper cells, which produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to assist macrophages in exploiting their full bactericidal capacity (Shimokata et al., 1986; Flynn et al., 1993; Orme et al., 1993). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.