PAPPA and preeclampsia: Previous studies have identified some biomarkers for the prediction of preeclampsia, such as sFlt-1, sFlt-1/placental growth factor (PlGF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulse index (UtA-PI), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) (Ansbacher-Feldman et al., 2022; Zeisler et al., 2016).