CSF2 and dilated cardiomyopathy: In addition, in the area of cardiac fibrosis, IL-17A signaling to cardiac fibroblasts leads to induction of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CCL2, which drives Ly6Chi monocytes to chemotaxis and accumulate in the heart, worsening dilated cardiomyopathy outcomes [118].