TNF and infection: Supporting our previous hypothesis19, MDMR analysis of multiplex plasma cytokine data assessing systemic and circulating levels of IL-5, IL-17a, IL-22, IL-6, TNF and IFNγ (Supplementary Data 7) showed that there are no statistically significant interactions among genotype, environment and infection (Fig. 4a, right); and the main effect of genotype contributed to more variance than environment (Fig. 4a, left).