When 0.5 < AUC < 0.7, 0.7 < AUC < 0.9, and AUC > 0.9, the diagnostic effect is low, medium, and high, respectively, suggesting that GABRG2, CNTNAP2, and SCN4B have high diagnostic value for patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma combined with esophageal carcinoma, while NOS1 and CACNA1A have moderate diagnostic value. This evidence concerns the gene NOS1 and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.