TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Lastly, TGFB signaling is also suggested to be involved in the malignant progression of tumors and can induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition and promote tumor cell invasion, and may also have angiogenic and immunosuppressive effects on the tumor microenvironment, all of which promote metastasis.8 It has been observed that reduced TGFBR2 expression significantly is correlated with the aggressive features in Hepatocellular carcinomas as well as other tumors.