In summary, this suggests that similar to the acute colitis setting, the deletion of HIF-1α in NKp46+ cells leads to the relative depletion of tissue-resident ILC1s from the colon (Krzywinska et al, 2022), yet upon chronic mucosal injury, this is associated with a concomitant increase in neutrophils and Ly6Chigh macrophages from the circulation. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and colitis.