TSHR and Autoimmunity: Graves’ disease (GD) is a thyroid-specific autoimmune disorder that constitutes a common thyroid ailment and is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism.[1–4] It affects approximately 3% of women and 0.5% of men globally.[5] The hallmark of this disease is the breakdown of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens, such as thyrotropin (TSH) receptor, thyroid peroxidase, and thyroglobulin, which possess unusual immunogenic properties, potentially leading to the collapse of immune tolerance and subsequent thyroid dysfunction.[6–9]