Another aspect of the complex interplay involving CVD, T2D, and obesity is the escalation of inflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) within the serum (Ebrahimnezhad et al., 2023; Saberi et al., 2024). Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.