CD8 non-exhaust T cells with high expression of GZMK and GZMA indicated its killing role on tumor cells, CD8 Tex with PDCD1 and TOX suggested its loss of function, and high expression of proliferation feature gene (MKI67) and exhausted related genes (GZMA, PDCD1, TOX) on CD8 prolif suggested the dual characteristics of proliferation and exhaustion (Figure 3B and Supplementary Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.