Mitochondria is the “powerhouse” of cellular metabolic functions under pathophysiological conditions, and emerging data suggest that dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis, ROS and redox homeostasis instigate drug resistance.[36, 37] MRPL12 functions in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of mitoribosome, and plays an essential role in regulating mitochondrial respiration and energy homeostasis.[38] However, the function and regulation of MRPL12 in HCC development and drug resistance are little known so far. The gene discussed is MRPL12; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.