Hepatocyte senescence, measured via expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21, is a consistent hallmark of chronic and acute human liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with and without cirrhosis, viral hepatitis with and without cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis with and without cirrhosis, acute liver failure, acetaminophen overdose, and inborn errors of metabolism like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency32–35. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and Cirrhosis.