These models include BXSB Yaa mice that harbour a chromosomal segment duplication from X onto Y that contains TLR7 (Pisitkun et al., 2006;Soni et al., 2014), Tlr7 transgenic (tg) mice (Walsh et al., 2012), TLR7-agonist (imiquimod) induced lupus (Hirobe et al., 2022;Voss et al., 2022), and kika mice that carry a TLR7 gain-of-function variant found in a girl with SLE (Brown et al., 2022). The gene discussed is TLR7; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.